A deer (pl.: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes muntjac, elk, red deer, and fallow deer) and Capreolinae (which includes reindeer, white-tailed deer, roe deer, and moose). Deer, any of 43 species of hoofed ruminants in the order Artiodactyla, notable for having two large and two small hooves on each foot and also for having antlers in the males of most species and in the females of one species.

Understanding the Context

Deer are native to all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Deer are primarily herbivorous mammals that constitute Cervidae, the second most diverse family of artiodactyls after bovids (family Bovidae). There are 55 extant species of deer, most of which are characterized by long limbs adapted for running and jumping. The Persian fallow deer, Chilean huemul, Kashmir stag, Indian hog deer, Bawean deer, and Eld’s deer are either endangered or critically endangered.

Key Insights

The reindeer, water deer, barasingha, and others are approaching vulnerable status. Discover 30 types of deer with photos and identification tips—learn about their species, habitats, and unique characteristics! The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known commonly as the whitetail and the Virginia deer, is a medium-sized species of deer native to North and South America. Over 60 species of deer live in various habitats around the world. We've listed the major types of deer, from the friendliest species to the most elusive ones.

Final Thoughts

This guide will also provide a detailed description of each species or breed, along with fun facts. Learn about the many different types of deer and deer species found in open country around the world. Classified by taxonomic order.